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Originally published in Science Express on 2 June 2005
Science 8 July 2005:
Vol. 309. no. 5732, pp. 284 - 287
DOI: 10.1126/science.1112418
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Reports
Penetration of Human-Induced Warming into the World's Oceans
Tim P. Barnett,1* David W. Pierce,1 Krishna M. AchutaRao,2 Peter J. Gleckler,2 Benjamin D. Santer,2 Jonathan M. Gregory,3 Warren M. Washington4
A warming signal has penetrated into the world's oceans over the past 40 years. The signal is complex, with a vertical structure that varies widely by ocean; it cannot be explained by natural internal climate variability or solar and volcanic forcing, but is well simulated by two anthropogenically forced climate models. We conclude that it is of human origin, a conclusion robust to observational sampling and model differences. Changes in advection combine with surface forcing to give the overall warming pattern. The implications of this study suggest that society needs to seriously consider model predictions of future climate change. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5732/284

(You may have to join (free) to read the entire article; If you like I could PM it to you -warning- It will make your eyes cross as it is a scientific paper and they never use a simple word when a more complex one is available, preferably with one popular meaning and an obscure one )

The research was done testing the transferance of heat vertically- I assume from the top down - in relation to human activity's affect on the ocean temperatures at different levels.

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